Which radar frequency band is typically used for surface search?

The S-band frequency is commonly used for surface search radar systems due to its effective balance between range and resolution. This frequency typically operates between 2 to 4 GHz, allowing for good penetration of atmospheric conditions like rain or fog, which can impair radar performance. Additionally, the S-band is less susceptible to clutter from nearby objects and can provide a reliable detection capability for larger surface vessels, making it ideal for maritime operations.

In contrast, while other frequency bands like the X-band offer higher resolution, they are generally better suited for tracking smaller, faster-moving targets rather than broad surface search purposes. The Ka-band, operating at much higher frequencies, is more focused on high-resolution imaging and is less effective at longer ranges due to higher atmospheric attenuation. The C-band, although it can be used for surface search, does not provide the optimal range and clutter management that the S-band offers. Thus, the S-band is the preferred choice for surface search operations in radar technology.