What are the two basic methods of beam scanning used in radar systems?

Beam scanning in radar systems refers to the techniques used to direct the radar beam across a specific area to gather information about targets. The two basic methods of beam scanning are mechanical and electronic.

Mechanical scanning involves physically moving the radar antenna to change the direction of the beam. This can be done using motors or other mechanical systems that tilt or rotate the antenna. It allows for a wide coverage area but may be limited in speed and responsiveness, as the movement of the antenna takes time.

Electronic scanning, on the other hand, uses electronic methods to control the direction of the beam without moving the antenna itself. This is achieved through techniques such as phased array radar, where the timing of signals emitted by different elements of the antenna array is adjusted electronically to steer the beam in a desired direction. This method allows for much faster scanning and can track multiple targets simultaneously.

The correct answer highlights the distinction between these fundamental approaches, which are crucial for understanding how different radar systems operate and the advantages and limitations associated with each method.