How do radar systems determine the range of a target?

Radar systems determine the range of a target by measuring the time it takes for radar signals to travel to the target and return after reflecting off it. This principle relies on the speed of light, as radar signals are electromagnetic waves that travel at this fixed speed. When a radar pulse is emitted, it travels to the target, and upon striking it, some of the energy is reflected back toward the radar source.

By calculating the round-trip travel time of the signal and knowing the speed of light, the radar system can accurately determine the distance to the target. This method is fundamental in radar technology and is essential for various applications, such as tracking aircraft, ships, and other vehicles.

The other choices do not relate to the precise mechanism of range determination in radar systems. For instance, computing the weight of the target, analyzing material type, or tracking speed doesn't provide the necessary information to calculate distance. The direct correlation between time measurement and distance calculation is the core reason why measuring the time for radar signals to return is the correct method for determining range.